1.
Morphology
Morphology
is the branch of linguistics (and one of the major
components of grammar) that studies word structures, especially in terms of
morpheme, which is the smallest
units of language.
Morphology
is a studies the form of word. (Oxford University)
Morphology
is a study about of word and how the word formed. (Laurel J. Brintron
(2002.59-60))
1.1.
Morpheme
Morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical fungtion. It is a minimal unit which indicates the meaning. For example of elements are –s, -er, -ed, -ing, ect.
e.g : “reopened” consists of three morphemes: re-, open, -ed
Morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical fungtion. It is a minimal unit which indicates the meaning. For example of elements are –s, -er, -ed, -ing, ect.
e.g : “reopened” consists of three morphemes: re-, open, -ed
re- : again
open : open
-ed : indicating past tense
2.
Free
Morpheme and Bound Morpheme
There are two types of morphemes:
1.
Free
Morpheme is the morphemes which can stand by them self as single
words/can stand alone.
Such as: bad, work, happy,
normal, book, kind, play, understand, open, beauty, ETC.
2.
Bound
Morpheme is the morphemes which can not stand alone and are
typically attached to another forms: suffix
and affix.
Such as: -ly,
-er, -ed, -s, -est , un-, re-, -ing, -un, ETC.
2.1.
Lexical Morphemes And Functional
Morphemes
a.
Lexical Morphemes are
free morphemes which fall into 3 catagories set: nouns, adjectives, and verbs as a content.
b.
Functional
morphemes are also free morphemes, but the se consists largely
of the functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns.
2.2.
Preffix
and Suffix
a.
Preffix
added in to the beginning of word.
Such as: Un-,
Mis-, Non-, Re-, Pra-, Sub-, Anti-, ETC.
b.
Suffix
added in to the end of word.
Such as: -ly,
-ful, -est, -s, -es, -er, -ed, -dom, -ness, -ing, ETC.
3.
Example
of Preffix and Suffix
a. Preffix
a. Preffix
Re – Play
(bound) – (free)
(bound) – (free)
Mis
- Understand - ing
(bound) – (free) – (bound)
Un -
Happy
(bound) – (free)
b. Suffix
b. Suffix
Free
- dom
(free) – (bound)
Happy -
ness
(free) - (bound)
Play
- ing
(free)
- (bound)
To find more examples of Preffix and Suffix, look at the
song lyrics below:
Someone
Like You
By:
Adelle
I heard
That you're settled down
That you
Found a girl
And you're
Married now
I heard
That your dreams came true
Guess she gave you things
I didn't give to you
Old friend
Why are you so shy
Ain't like you to hold back
Or hide from the light
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it
I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded
That for me it isn't over
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead
Yeah
You know how the time flies
Only yesterday
It was the time of our lives
We were born and raised
In a summer haze
Bound by the surprise
Of our glory days
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it
I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded
That for me it isn't over
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Nothing compares
No worries or cares
Regrets and mistakes
They are memories made
Who would have known
How bittersweet this would taste
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead
That you're settled down
That you
Found a girl
And you're
Married now
I heard
That your dreams came true
Guess she gave you things
I didn't give to you
Old friend
Why are you so shy
Ain't like you to hold back
Or hide from the light
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it
I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded
That for me it isn't over
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead
Yeah
You know how the time flies
Only yesterday
It was the time of our lives
We were born and raised
In a summer haze
Bound by the surprise
Of our glory days
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it
I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded
That for me it isn't over
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Nothing compares
No worries or cares
Regrets and mistakes
They are memories made
Who would have known
How bittersweet this would taste
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Never mind
I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
"Don't forget me," I begged
"I'll remember," you said
"Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead"
Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead
Morphology doesn't study, but is a study. Please fix your technical errors and spacings.
BalasHapusokay thank you tatrin! I have changed it.
HapusApa perbedaan morphology dengan smantics?
BalasHapusmorphology is the study of word, while semantic is study of meaning in languange. its different, right?
HapusHmm, why you interested with morphology?
Hapusbcs i can make a new word
Hapuswhy morphology must be on Linguists?
Hapusin my opinion, linguistic is a study about languange, nah in languange we often use word, so a study about word is morphology.
HapusReally? So why morphology must learn morphems? I'm still confused
Hapusdont be dizzy girl! actually morpheme is word, in linguistic we use morpheme not word.
HapusOke fine, can u give me one example when we use word in morphems correctly?
Hapusi dont know what you mean, can you explain again?
HapusHmm please give me one example in free and bound morphems. But in sentence
Hapusbound morheme: A must have for all who are looking for the motivation to improve the quality of their lives. "look-ing" "live-s"
Hapusbound morpheme: Never insult a person’s past, because of the rain that started from the black cloud. "insult" "past" "rain"
Oh ok, the last one can you give me example for two,and three morphems?
Hapustwo morpheme: happi-ness
Hapusthree morpheme: mis-understand-ing
Thank you so much vira for your explanation.
Hapusyou're welcome!
HapusHow to use suffix and affix ?
BalasHapussuffix use in the end of word. affix?affix in bahasa is imbuhan, so if we use affix, it can use in beginning and the end of word.
HapusWhy should we use preffixes and suffixes in morphology ?
BalasHapusbecause morphology is a study of word. in languange, word not only has the basic like: play, open, happy, etc., but also has word which use preffix and suffix like: unhappy, replay, opened, working, etc.
Hapushi virbut, you know, "a" is also a prefix. but how about "apathy"? is that an example of a prefix?
BalasHapusi know "a" is also preffix. but "apathy" is not example of preffix bcs if "a" is bound, so "phaty" is free. free morpheme has meaning, so what the meaning of "pathy"?
Hapuswhat the different about suffixes and preffixes ?
BalasHapussuffix added in the end of word, while preffix added in the beginning of word.
HapusWhy we must learning about morphology?
BalasHapusbcs when we speaking, we use much words, nah the study of word is morphology.
HapusHow specification of marphology,Vir?
BalasHapuscertainly, morphology is a study of word.
Hapusgive more example about suffix and preffix!
BalasHapussuffix: slow-ly, tall-er, work-ing, free-dom, kind-ness.
Hapuspreffix: pra-debut, anti-fans, sub-normal, non-sense, un-do.
why you choose morphology???
BalasHapusbcs in morphology can make a new word
Hapuscan we use two bound morpheme to make 1 word without free morpheme???
BalasHapusi think it can't, bcs if we make "re" as preffix and "ing" as suffix became "reing", what the meaning of "reing"?
HapusWhen are we use well suffix and affix ?
BalasHapuswhen we want to change the meaning of word, for example: "happy" is adjective, became "happiness" is noun.
HapusAre there other languages like English which orthography is "not quite" phonetic thus the morphology is equally if not more confusing than English?
BalasHapusi tnink no tatrin! if you can find it, you can tell me hehe.
Hapuswhat the benefit i learn morphology for my life?
BalasHapusyou will to know the basic word in english and then you can make new word.
HapusCan you give me tips to easily learn this?
Hapusyou can often read the middle of dictionary that there are many word and changes.
Hapusit's okay if in a free morpheme sentence does not contain a suffix or affix ?
BalasHapuswhat do you mean by "a free morpheme sentence"?
Hapusmorpheme is the smallest unit in language and free morpheme can stand alone. so ya, its okay if that doesn't contain suffix or affix.
nice explanation! please give more example about suffix and preffix
BalasHapussuffix: books, boxes, harder, accepted, dancing, happily, sadness, tallest, useful, etc.
Hapuspreffix: undo, misadvanture, nonsense, remix, pradebut, subtitle, antifans, etc.
Why did you choose morphology?
BalasHapusbcs, i can make a new word.
HapusNice vira💙
BalasHapusthanks!<3
HapusIn the morphology we learn about word changes? For example, changing the word "kesimpulan" to "simpul", please explain!
BalasHapusi will give i think kesimpulan to simpul not example of morphology.
Hapusi will give you example "accounting"
"a" as a preffix
"count" as a free morpheme
"ing" as a suffix
Can Preffix be combined with Suffix into one sentence? if can combined gives the reason and an example if can't give the reason.
BalasHapusyes, it can. for example "The young girl looked very unhappy"
Hapuslook that sentence, there are suffix "look-ed" and preffix "un-happy"
why looked suffix and unhappy preffix? please give me more explanation.
Hapusya bcs
Hapus"looked" --> "look" as free morphem and "ed" as suffix which the position in the end of word.
"unhappy" --> "happy" as free morphem and "un" as preffix which the position in the beginning of word
oh i see. now i know about the suffix and preffix.
Hapusbut how about bound and free? can you explain to me?
bound morpheme is word can't stand alone and that word have not meaning, while free morpheme is morpheme can stand alone and have meaning.
HapusI'm not really get the point about that. may you give me example of it?
Hapusok, for free morpheme is work,happy,tall,eat,etc. that word have a meaning right?
Hapusfor bound morpheme is ed,es,s,un,ing. can you tell me what the meaning from that word? can't it, right?
oh oke i get the point. but bound morpheme like addition in the end of word right?
Hapusyes, the word adding in the end namely suffix
Hapusso what the different of the both?
Hapusas i explained before, suffix adding in the end and preffix adding in beginning of word
HapusNo. i meant bound morpheme and suffix, what the different of the both?
Hapusoh, bound morpheme is word can't stand alone, in bound morpheme often use affixes namely suffix and preffix, so suffix just part of bound morpheme. nothing different of the both.
Hapusoh i got the point. thank you so much vir. now i know about morphology :)
Hapusoh welcome nov!
Hapuswhat makes you interested in morphology?
BalasHapusbcs i can make a new word and i know the basic of word in english
HapusGood....
BalasHapusthanks!
HapusGood explanation girl, i understand
BalasHapusthankyou!
Hapusits so complete :)
BalasHapusgive me evample from Lexical Morphemes And Functional Morphemes
thankyou!
Hapuslexical morpheme:
noun: thing, person, place, etc.
adjective: handsome, happy, smart, tall, religious, etc.
verb: work, catch, fall, dream, fight, etc.
functional morpheme:
conjunction: and, then, or, if, since, etc.
preposition: of, in, at, under, etc.
pronoun: he, she, they, those, whose, etc.
article: a, an and the.
Good information , Thank you
BalasHapuscan you sing a song someone like you?
thankyou! next i will try:3
HapusGood explanation! Give the example of affix sentence!
BalasHapusthanks! this the example:
HapusI had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded
nice and complete with the examples
BalasHapusthanks!
HapusI like you blog
BalasHapusthanks!
BalasHapusCould you teach me the course?
BalasHapusyes i can, next time yea!
HapusCant you explain suffix and prefix?
BalasHapusas i explain in above, suffix is bound morpheme adding in the end of free morpheme, while preffix is bound morpheme adding in the beginning of free morpheme.
Hapus